Fistulotomy and Lay Open Technique
Never Rarely Sometimes Weekly Daily Incontinence for solid stool 0 1 2 3 4 Incontinence for liquid stool 0 1 2 3 4 Incontinence for gas 0 1 2…
Applied Anatomy
Fig. 2.1 Overview of the pelvic floor muscles and anal sphincters seen from below The pubococcygeus originates from the posterior inferior aspect of the pubis and the inner anterior surface…
Clinical Assessment and Imaging Modalities of Fistula in Ano
Fig. 6.1 Goodsall’s rule states that anal fistula with anterior secondary openings tend to follow a straight radial trajectory to a primary opening in the anal canal at the level…
Stem Cell Application in Fistula Disease
Fig. 18.1 Scheme of the mechanism of action of allogeneic eASCs in the tract of the anal fistula: anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect in an inflamed local environment (Courtesy of María…
Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract (LIFT)
Fig. 16.1 Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract. Reprinted with permission [3]. (a) Introduction of fistula probe through the tract. (b) Dissection of intersphincteric groove and identification of fibrotic fistula tract….
Dermal Advancement Flap
Fig. 15.1 Dermal flap for treatment of anal fistula. (a) Flap is marked out, incorporating both the internal and external fistula openings. (b) Originating crypt is excised and flap is…
Recurrence/Persistence After Fistula Treatment: What Next?
Fig. 23.1 Algorithm in treatment of trans-sphincteric fistulas Conclusion This chapter follows the one on fistula surgery in the era of evidence-based medicine. The absence of a reliable level of…
Fistula Surgery in the Era of Evidence-Based Medicine
Experimental therapy Control group Stem cell + glue Glue Plug Cutting seton Stem cell Stem cell + glue Plug Rectal flap Plug LIFT Glue Seton Plug Flap LIFT + plug LIFT Stem cell (Crohn’s) Placebo (Crohn’s)…
Endorectal Advancement Flap
Fig. 14.1 Rectal advancement flap. (a) Fistula in ano, with internal opening at the dentate line. (b) Elevation of partial-thickness flap, exposing internal opening. (c) Closure of internal opening. (d)…
Relationship of Abscess to Fistula
Fig. 3.1 (Left) Anal glands opening in the anal crypts and branching in intersphincteric space. (Right) Extension of abscess to adjacent spaces. 1. Submucosal, 2. High Intermuscular, 3. Supralevator, 4….
