Abdominal Key

As with ADPKD, no directed treatment is available to prevent or slow cyst formation, and thus care should be directed toward managing complications of renal or hepatic dysfunction. Patients who…

TREATMENT The primary goal in the treatment of renal hypoplasia is to delay the onset of ESRD. As with any form of progressive renal insufficiency, controlling hypertension is essential because…

Bosniak III lesions have thickened, often calcified, smooth or irregular walls and septa that possess measureable enhancement (>15 HU). About half of these cysts are malignant, and thus surgical extirpation…

In most cases, the diagnosis of MCDK is first suspected through prenatal ultrasound. It may be difficult, however, to distinguish MCDK from congenital hydronephrosis, which is more common. In general,…

A small subset of patients with horseshoe kidney have concomitant abnormalities in other organ systems. Associated genital abnormalities include hypospadias and undescended testes in males, or vaginal septation and bicornuate…

Supernumerary kidneys are often asymptomatic and do not affect overall renal function. Thus a significant number of such kidneys may never be discovered or may be noted only as incidental…

Many patients with unilateral renal agenesis have associated abnormalities in other organ systems. Indeed, the absence of a kidney may not even be discovered until an associated abnormality is investigated….

Bilateral renal agenesis is typically diagnosed using prenatal ultrasound. Normally the fetal kidneys can be visualized starting at approximately the twelfth week of gestation. In bilateral renal agenesis, however, no…

Most malrotated kidneys do not require definitive treatment. If significant symptoms persist, however, or if significant hydronephrosis is present, surgical repair of the renal pelvis and/or ureteropelvic junction may be…

Most patients with pelvic kidneys are asymptomatic, and the abnormality is either incidentally noted or never discovered. A subset of individuals, however, may become symptomatic secondary to the development of…