TRUS of the Prostate: State of the Art
Key point 1: role of real-time TRUS has changed Role of real-time TRUS has already changed from being a simple diagnostic tool to becoming a comprehensive image guidance system, including…
Hyperspectral Imaging of Renal Oxygenation (Near-Infrared Tissue Oximetry for Renal Ischemia)
Fig. 7.1 The ViOptix (tissue oximetry) silicone surround sensor Fig. 7.2 Digital display of the ViOptix sensor The ViOptix Tissue Oximeter (T.Ox™) [(ViOptix Inc., Fremont, CA)] utilizes near-infrared spectroscopy to…
Light Reflectance Spectroscopy and Autofluorescence (Kidney and Prostate)
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Joseph C. Liao and Li-Ming Su (eds.)Advances in Image-Guided Urologic Surgery10.1007/978-1-4939-1450-0_8 8. Light Reflectance Spectroscopy and Autofluorescence (Kidney and Prostate) Ephrem O. Olweny1 and Jeffrey A. Cadeddu2 (1) Department of Urology, University of…
Complement Activation
Fig. 7.1 Complement activation and regulation system. The complement system consists of more than 30 molecules and forms three major pathways: the classical pathway (CP), alternative pathway (AP), and lectin…
Prognostic Indicators and Treatment of IgA Nephropathy in China
Fig. 9.1 Kaplan–Meier renal survival from renal biopsy (a) and disease onset (b) in 1,155 patients with IgAN. ESRD end-stage of renal disease For patients with proteinuria >1.0 g/day at biopsy,…
Differences of Histological Classification Between the Japanese Histological Grade Classification and the Oxford Classification
1. Oxford classification: split system M Mesangial hypercellularity ≤0.5 (M0) or ≥0.5 (M1) E Endocapillary hypercellularity Absent (E0) or present (E1) S Segmental sclerosis Absent (S0) or present (S1) T…
Heterogeneity of Aberrant O-Glycosylation of IgA1 in IgA Nephropathy
Fig. 4.1 A proposed multi-hit pathogenesis of IgAN. IgA1 with some O-glycans deficient in galactose (galactose-deficient IgA1; Gd-IgA1) is produced in increased amounts, leading to increased levels in the circulation…
IgA Nephropathy from the VALIGA European Study: Differences in Treatment Approaches Within Europe
Country % of IgAN Spain 24 France 33 Italy 37 Czech Republic 37 UK 39 Estonia 35 Poland 51 Sweden 30 Norway 19 Finland 40 Apart from genetic conditioning, exposure…
Validity of the Japanese Clinical Grade Criteria: Results from the Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in IgA Nephropathy
C-Grade I C-Grade II C-Grade III P Number of patients 401 406 248 Male/female 195:206 192:214 143:105 0.026 Age 30 31 51 <0.0001 SBP (mmHg) 120 120 136 <0.0001…
Is IgA Nephropathy a Single Disease?
Fig. 1.1 Geographical variations in the prevalence of IgAN. Percentages represent the proportion of cases of IgAN compared to all native kidney biopsies performed. The numbers in brackets represent minority…
