Alcock’s canal: canal for the internal pudendal vessels and nerve in the ischiorectal fossa.

Benjamin Alcock (b 1801). Professor of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology (1837) at the Apothecaries Hall in Dublin.

Anderson-Hynes pyeloplasty: dismembered pyeloplasty for PUJO. James Anderson and Wilfred Hynes. Surgeons, Sheffield United Hospitals.

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin): attenuated TB bacillus used for immunotherapy of carcinoma in situ of bladder.

Leon Charles Albert Calmette (1863-1933). A pupil of Pasteur in Paris, later becoming first director of Pasteur Institute.

Camille Guérin (b 1872). A veterinary surgeon at the Calmette Institute in Lille who, along with Calmette, developed BCG vaccine.

Bonney’s test: elevation of bladder neck during vaginal examination reduces leakage of urine during coughing (used to diagnose stress incontinence).

William Bonney (1872-1953). Studied at Barts and Middlesex Hospitals. On the staff of Royal Masonic Hospital and Chelsea Hospital for Women. A highly skilled surgeon with an international reputation.

Bowman’s capsule: epithelial-lined ‘cup’ surrounding the glomerulus in the kidney.

Sir William Paget Bowman (1816-1892). Surgeon to Birmingham General Hospital. Elected FRS in 1841. FRCS 1844. Won the Royal Medal of the Royal Society for his description of the Malpighian body of the kidney. He proposed the theory of urine production by filtration of plasma. Described as the father of histology. In 1846 became surgeon to Moorfields Eye Hospital. An early proponent of the ophthalmoscope and the first in England to treat glaucoma by iridectomy (1862).

Camper’s fascia: superficial layer of superficial fascia (fat) of abdomen and inguinal region.

Pieter Camper (1722-1789). Physician and anatomist in Leyden, The Netherlands.

Charrière system: system of measurement for ‘sizing’ catheters and stents.

Joseph Charrière (1803-1876). Surgical instrument maker in Paris.