© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016
Lunan Yan (ed.)Operative Techniques in Liver Resection10.1007/978-94-017-7411-6_11. Liver Anatomy and the History of Hepatectomy
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Department of Liver Surgery, Center of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China
1.1 Ancient Civilization
An understanding of the liver’s anatomy can be traced back to 4000–5000 years ago in the Babylonian Empire, as proven by a hemihepatic model made of mud, which is now preserved at the British Museum.
The liver was described in Huangdi Neijing, which is the earliest literature on Chinese medicine and dates back to 4000 years ago.
Approximately 2500 years ago (450–350 BC), the Greek scientist, Hippocrates recorded the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.
1.2 History of Liver Anatomy
Francis Glisson wrote Liver Anatomy in 1654, in which he described the distribution and relationship of the portal and hepatic venous systems, establishing the foundation for hepatobiliary surgery.
Frances Kierman described the Glisson sheath in 1833; this term is still used today to describe the connective tissue capsule covering the portal vein, the hepatic artery, and the bile duct.
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