Cystogram. A cystogram, obtained using real-time fluoroscopic imaging, may be performed during urodynamics to provide real-time anatomic correlates to filling or voiding. This imaging modality provides a visual correlate to the volume instilled, captures the appearance of the bladder and bladder neck during filling and voiding, and demonstrates whether vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) if present.

Residual Urine. The postvoid residual (PVR) is determined by catheterization, ultrasound, or cystogram at the end of a voiding event. A high PVR (>150 cc) is suggestive of bladder outlet obstruction or poor detrusor contractility.