After surgical revascularization, complications include persistent stenosis, graft thrombosis, and restenosis of the repaired lesion. Mortality rates are very low among patients with FMD, owing to their young age and generally good health, but range from 2% to 6% among patients with atherosclerosis.

Patients who have recurrent stenosis after endovascular repair often require surgical revascularization. The surgical approach may be more challenging because of perivascular inflammation associated with the initial endovascular procedure; however, this difference does not appear to lower the probability of a successful outcome. Patients with recurrent stenosis after an initial surgical revascularization may undergo another surgical procedure with an alternative bypass route.