A small subset of patients with horseshoe kidney have concomitant abnormalities in other organ systems. Associated genital abnormalities include hypospadias and undescended testes in males, or vaginal septation and bicornuate uterus in females. Other associated abnormalities include neural tube defects and cardiac ventriculoseptal defects.

LUMP/CAKE KIDNEY

The “lump” or “cake” kidney is a renal fusion variant in which there is complete merging of the two kidneys, such that two separate masses are no longer distinguishable. This anomaly reflects a very early, complete fusion of the metanephroi. The symptoms, risks, and treatment options are largely the same as for horseshoe kidney.