TREATMENT

The treatment of CTIN focuses on identifying and addressing correctable risk factors, such as medication use, metabolic abnormalities, and infections. Except in cases of neoplastic and hereditary disease, renal dysfunction is often reversible if the inciting agent is removed early enough. Patients with a significant amount of inflammation on biopsy may be candidates for immunosuppression, although no randomized control trials have supported its use. The two most important risk factors for progression to end-stage renal disease are the serum creatinine concentration at the time of diagnosis and the extent of tubulointerstitial scarring at the time of biopsy.