Group
(year)
Patients
(renal units)
Route
Initial positive response
Recurrence
Follow up (months)
Side effects/complications
Studer [14]
(1989)
8
(10)
Antegrade
4/8 (50 %)
2/8 (25 %)
18–28
Life-threatening septicaemia (1)
Sharpe [15]
(1993)
11
(17)
Retrograde
8/11 (73 %)
2/11 (18 %)
11–64
Fever requiring antituberculous therapy (1)
Haematuria (3)
Yokogi [16]
(1996)
5
(8)
Antegrade (5)
Retrograde (3)
5/8 (63 %)
0/8 (0 %)
10–46
Ureteric stricture (1)
Renal tuberculosis (1)
High fever (2)
Nonomura [17]
(2000)
11
(11)
Retrograde
9/11 (82 %)
2/9 (22 %)
Not reported
Bladder irritability (8)
Fever >38° (4)
Haematuria (2)
Okubo [18]
(2001)
11
(14)
Antegrade (2)
Retrograde (12)
9/14 (64 %)
5/11 (45 %)
18–82
Not reported
Irie [19]
(2002)
9
(13)
Retrograde
9/9 (100 %)
1/9 (11 %)
8–97
Irritable bladder (5)
Fever >38.5° (2)
Haematuria (2)
Arthritis (1)
Thalman [9]
(2002)
22
(25)
Antegrade
22/25 (88 %)
13/25 (52 %)
8–137
Fever, flu-like symptoms, LUTS (84 %)
Fever >38° (4)
Severe septicaemia (1)
Fatal septicaemia (1)
Miyake [20]
(2002)
16
Antegrade (5) Retrograde (11)
13/16 (81 %)
3/16 (19 %)
9–90
Bladder irritability (12)
Fever >38° (9)
Hayashida [5]
(2004)
10
(11)
Antegrade (4)
Retrograde (6)
11/11 (100 %)
5/10 (50 %)
50.9
Bladder irritation (10)
Fever >38° (9)
Haematuria (2)
Ureteral stenosis (1)
Lumbago (1)
Kojima [4]
(2006)
11
(13)
Retrograde
10/13 (77 %)
2/11 (8 %)
1–120
Fatal interstitial pneumonia (1)
Giannarini [10]
(2011)
(42)
Antegrade
Not reported
17/42 (40 %)
42
Fever (5)
Storage LUTS (5)
Pericarditis (1)
Infection/septicaemia (3)
Fatal E. Coli septicaemia (1)
BCG is also used an adjuvant treatment after endoscopic treatment of UTUC. The series describing this treatment are shown in Table 7.2. A wide variation in recurrence rates are shown. Rastinehad et al noted no significant difference in time to recurrence, recurrence or progression rates between those groups treated with adjuvant BCG versus those who had no treatment [6]. It is important to note that all of these are retrospective, non-randomised studies.
Table 7.2
Results of upper tract BCG as adjuvant treatment after endoscopic treatment
