Fig. 15.1
Reflection of left colon along the line of Toldt
Fig. 15.2
Ureter identified in the retroperitoneum
Fig. 15.3
Gonadal vein identified medial to the ureter
Fig. 15.4
Gonadal vein traced proximally till renal vein. Accesory renal artery dissected
Fig. 15.5
Kidney mobilised all around – Dissection of the lower pole of the kidney – Ureter is identified and preserved
Fig. 15.6
Perinephric fat removed and kidney denuded
Fig. 15.7
Tumour seen after denuding the kidney
Fig. 15.8
Intra operative ultrasound to delineate the mass
Fig. 15.9
Tumour margins marked with the help of ultrasound
Fig. 15.10
Renal vein dissected
Fig. 15.11
One of the renal artery identified along the upper border of renal vein
Fig. 15.12
Third renal artery seen posterior to renal vein