Fig. 15.1
Reflection of left colon along the line of Toldt

Fig. 15.2
Ureter identified in the retroperitoneum

Fig. 15.3
Gonadal vein identified medial to the ureter

Fig. 15.4
Gonadal vein traced proximally till renal vein. Accesory renal artery dissected

Fig. 15.5
Kidney mobilised all around – Dissection of the lower pole of the kidney – Ureter is identified and preserved

Fig. 15.6
Perinephric fat removed and kidney denuded

Fig. 15.7
Tumour seen after denuding the kidney

Fig. 15.8
Intra operative ultrasound to delineate the mass

Fig. 15.9
Tumour margins marked with the help of ultrasound

Fig. 15.10
Renal vein dissected

Fig. 15.11
One of the renal artery identified along the upper border of renal vein

Fig. 15.12

Third renal artery seen posterior to renal vein

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