Despite a large amount of new data, there are still several questions looking for a reply.

The aetiology and pathophysiology of pericardial disease is still not well known, especially in conditions, such as recurrent pericarditis, that are challenging and require new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to improve the management and reduce its incidence.

Even for established therapies, such as empiric anti-inflammatory therapy of pericarditis, the best duration of therapy is not clear and if tapering may be helpful to improve the outcomes.

The role of non-pharmacological measures is also controversial. Exercise restriction is usually recommended in patients with inflammatory pericardial and myopericardial syndromes, but it is unclear if it is really necessary in all cases and what is the appropriate duration of the physical restriction, especially when apparent clinical remission is achieved.