(1)
Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this chapter at (doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-9840-2_5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy is one of the most difficult laparoscopic surgeries. The first series of laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy was reported by O’Rourke N in 2004 (O’Rourke and Fielding 2004). To this day, it is still not considered as a conventional surgery by the majority of institutes of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery worldwide. The major reasons hindering the development of this procedure could include the limited space for mobilizing the right lobe, difficulties in managing short hepatic veins and right hepatic pedicle, and the possibility of massive bleeding in liver transection.
In our institute, the technique of hepatectomy by curettage and aspiration and the selective inflow occlusion were routinely carried out in major liver resections that facilitate this procedure much more. Laparoscopic selective inflow occlusion could nearly have the same effect as total vascular occlusion but avoid the complications of ischemia-reperfusion injury and gastrointestinal congestion (Sahin et al. 2004; Malassagne et al. 1998; Teoh and Farrell 2003) and the requirement for fast liver transection. It is supposed to be an ideal technique for bleeding control in laparoscopic major liver resection including the right hemihepatectomy. The supine position is adopted in this procedure, and patients are usually tilted 30–45° left side down that can partly solve the problem of limited space for mobilizing the right lobe.
5.1 Indications and Contraindications
The indications include liver tumors in the right lobe or right intrahepatic bile duct stones with irreversible diseases (biliary stricture or severe parenchymal fibrosis or atrophy) requiring right hemihepatectomy and liver function of Child A to B classification. The contraindications include malignant tumors involving porta hepatis, history of biliary surgeries such as exploration of common bile duct (CBD) or cholangiojejunostomy (cholecystectomy is not regarded as a contraindication), extrahepatic bile duct stricture, or acute suppurative cholangitis.
5.2 Patient Position and Trocars’ Position
Patients are placed in the supine position under general anesthesia. Three surgeons are needed in the operation. The senior surgeon stands on the left side of the patient, one assistant surgeon stands on the right side of the senior surgeon controlling the aspiration device, and the other assistant surgeon stands on the right side of the patient. Four entries are made. A supraumbilical 10-mm trocar is inserted as the observation port. A subxiphoid 12-mm trocar is inserted as the main manipulation port. And two 5-mm trocars are inserted at the right flank area as assistant manipulation ports (Fig. 5.1).
Fig. 5.1
The trocars’ position and surgeons’ position. (A) Observation port; (B) Main manipulation port; (C) Two assistant ports and the incision for removing specimen; (a) The senior surgeon stands on the left side of the patient; (b) One assistant surgeon stands on the right side of the senior surgeon controlling the aspiration device; (c) The other assistant surgeon stands on the right side of the patient
5.3 Laparoscopic Right Hemihepatectomy with Selective Right Inflow Occlusion
See Figs. 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19, 5.20, 5.21, 5.22, 5.23, 5.24, 5.25, 5.26, 5.27, 5.28, 5.29, 5.30, 5.31, 5.32, 5.33, 5.34, 5.35, 5.36, 5.37, 5.38, 5.39, 5.40, 5.41, 5.42, 5.43, 5.44, 5.45, 5.46, 5.47, 5.48, 5.49, 5.50, 5.51, 5.52, 5.53, 5.54, 5.55, 5.56, 5.57, 5.58, 5.59, and Video 5.1.
Fig. 5.2
The liver is mobilized upward, and the hepatocolic ligament (HCL) is divided with LPMOD
Fig. 5.3
The right lobe of the liver (RLL) is mobilized upward, and the hepatorenal ligament (HRL) is divided with LPMOD
Fig. 5.4
The right lobe is mobilized to the left and the right triangle ligament (RTL) is divided with LPMOD
Fig. 5.5
The right lobe is mobilized downward and the right coronary ligament (RCL) is divided with LPMOD
Fig. 5.6
The bare area of the liver is dissected with LPMOD
Fig. 5.7
RLL is mobilized to the left. The fossa for the inferior vena cava (IVC) is dissected
Fig. 5.8
Short hepatic veins (SHVs) are visualized