(1)
Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a mature laparoscopic surgery and is supposed to be the basic laparoscopic hepato-biliary-pancreatic procedure. Laparoscopic hepatectomy by curettage and aspiration was developed on the basis of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Equipments, instruments, trocars’ position, and even the laparoscopic surgical technique for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were applied to the laparoscopic hepatectomy in the early stage and were modified or developed in practice.
2.1 Basic Equipments
Equipments for laparoscopic hepatectomy by curettage and aspiration are the same as the basic laparoscopic equipments used in laparoscopic cholecystectomy including the insufflators, the light system, and the image system (Fig. 2.1).
Fig. 2.1
Basic equipments for laparoscopic hepatectomy including the monitor, the image system, the light system, the insufflators, the video recording system, and the electric cutting and coagulation system (up to down)
2.2 Trocars
A 10-mm trocar is used for observation port and two 5-mm trocars are used for assistant ports. A 12-mm bladeless trocar is used for the manipulation port. The 12-mm bladeless trocar allows 5–12 mm laparoscopic instruments to pass without gas leakage. No accessories need to be changed or adjusted when changing among different instruments that could facilitate the manipulation and decrease the operating time.
2.3 Instruments for Liver Transection
The special instrument for liver transection is the laparoscopic Peng’s multifunctional operative dissector (LPMOD) (Cai et al. 2006) (Figs. 2.2 and 2.3). It was developed on the basis of the Peng’s multifunctional operative dissector (PMOD) which was invented by Prof. Shuyou Peng and is used for open surgery (Peng et al. 2003). We extended the length of the stalk of PMOD and modified the aspiration system to fit the laparoscopic purpose. It can be used for blunt dissection, electric coagulation, cutting, and aspiration and can bluntly dissect intrahepatic ducts and vessels. It can execute all the functions at the same time that facilitates the manipulation of liver transection and can decrease the operating time by avoiding frequently changing instruments. By using this instrument, the liver parenchyma can be crashed and be aspirated immediately, and intrahepatic ducts and small vessels can be preserved and be safely dissected for ligation, and massive bleeding could be avoided by the meticulous dissection.