Liver regeneration is a fascinating and complex process with many medical implications. An important component of this regenerative process is the hepatic progenitor cell (HPC). These appealing cells are able to participate in the renewal of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes when the normal homeostatic regeneration is exhausted. Moreover, the HPC niche is of vital importance toward the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of the HPC. This niche provides a rich microenvironment for the regulation of the HPC, thanks to the intercellular secretion of molecules. New findings indicate that the regenerative possibilities in the liver could provide a diverse basis for therapeutic targets.
Key points
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During normal liver homeostasis, the HPC and its niche are in a quiescent state. A significant activation and contribution to liver regeneration are seen after severe liver damage.
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The interaction among HPCs, the HPC niche, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors is critical for the activation of the HPC compartment.
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Senescence of the parenchymal compartment after chronic liver injury is clearly an essential requirement for the proliferation of the HPCs.
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Recent evidence suggests the existence of other niches with potent stemness. However, further research of these subjects is required for better insights.
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