Human papillomavirus testing in addition to the Papanicolaou smear is an acceptable method for cervical cancer screening in women older than 30 years.

Primary prevention of cervical cancer through the use of the HPV vaccine would have a far greater impact worldwide than screening alone. Vaccination for females is currently recommended between the ages of 9 and 26.

Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer, causing approximately 6% of all malignancies and accounting for 3% of all cancer deaths in women.

Most women with endometrial cancer are diagnosed at an early stage and are often cured by surgery with or without radiation therapy.

Type II endometrial cancers consisting of clear cell and papillary serous types are higher risk and are often treated with multiple modalities including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin and paclitaxel was shown to improve overall survival by 16 months when compared to intravenous administration in women with optimally debulked ovarian cancer.

To date, most patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer present with organ-confined disease as a result of a positive screening test.

To date, there is no randomized prospective evidence to suggest that one modality of local definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer is superior to the other one (i.e., surgery versus radiation).

Although chemotherapy confers a high cure rate for testicular cancer (more than 80% for good and intermediate-risk patients), patients live long enough to experience late toxicities.