Robotic ergonomic advantages
Visualization
Exposure
Three-dimensional vision
Surgeon camera control
Line of sight screen location
Posture
Seated position
Line of sight screen location
Free of limits of sterility
Manipulation
Seven degrees of freedom
Articulated instruments
Elimination of fulcrum effect
Cancellation of tremor
Scaling of movement
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Fb G. Motion study in surgery. Can J Med Surg. 1916;40:22–31.
11.
Mirbod SM, Yoshida H, Miyamoto K, Miyashita K, Inaba R, Iwata H. Subjective complaints in orthopedists and general surgeons. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1995;67(3):179–86.PubMed
13.
Brearley S, Watson H. Towards an efficient retractor handle: an ergonomic study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1983;65(6):382–4.PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Galassini A. Lighting system for operating-rooms—criteria and norms. Elettrotecnica. 1990;77(12):1153–8.
15.
16.
17.
Tendik F, Jennings RW, Tharp G, Stark L. Sensing and manipulation problems in endoscopic surgery: experiment, analysis, and observations. Presence. 1993;2:66–80.CrossRef
18.
19.
Crosthwaite G, Chung T, Dunkley P, Shimi S, Cuschieri A. Comparison of direct vision and electronic two- and three-dimensional display systems on surgical task efficiency in endoscopic surgery. Br J Surg. 1995;82(6):849–51.CrossRefPubMed