Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)

(Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:8-12)

INDICATIONS:

Esophagus
- Esophageal carcinoma T and N staging
- Submucosal nodules and extrinsic compression
Stomach and Duodenum
- Gastric cancer staging
- Submucosal nodules and extrinsic compression
- Prominent gastric folds
- Gastric lymphoma staging
Pancreas
- Investigation of acute recurrent pancreatitis (rule out bile duct stones, pancreatic obstruction and chronic pancreatitis)
- Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (parenchymal and ductal criteria)
- Pancreas cancer (local staging and biopsy)
- Screening for biochemically-proven neuroendocrine tumors
- Pancreatic cysts (aspiration of cyst contents)
- Celiac plexus blockade or neurolysis for pancreatic pain
- Pseudocyst drainage
- Pancreas divisum (?)
- Familial pancreatic cancer screening (?)
Biliary
- Bile duct stones (good alternative to ERCP if suspicion of stones is low or moderate, or if stones may have passed)
- Investigation of obstructive jaundice
- Staging of ampullary neoplasms
Rectum
- Rectal cancer staging
- Evaluation of fecal incontinence
Miscellaneous
- Biopsy of mediastinal masses or lymph nodes
- Lung cancer lymph node staging
- Biopsy of accessible liver masses
- Assessment of portal hypertension (varices, splenic vein patency)