Disorders of Magnesium: Hypermagnesemia


Cause

Mechanism

Systemic diseases

Acute kidney injury

↓ excretion

Chronic kidney disease stages 4–5

↓ excretion

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

↓ excretion

Adrenal insufficiency

↑renal absorption

Acromegaly

↓ excretion

Mg 2+ load in patients with low GFR

Administration of Mg2+ to treat hypomagnesemia

Exogenous load and ↓ excretion

Mg2+-containing laxatives

Exogenous load and ↓ excretion

Mg2+-containing antacids

Exogenous load and ↓ excretion

Epsom salts

Exogenous load and ↓ excretion

Mg 2+ load in patients with normal GFR

Treatment of preeclampsia/eclmapsia

Exogenous load

Treatment of hypertension in pregnant women

Exogenous load &↓ excretion

Infants born to mothers treated with Mg2+ for preeclampsia/eclampsia

Transfer from mother to fetus

Sea water ingestion or drowning

Exogenous load (normal sea water 14 mg/dL; dead sea water 394 mg/dL)




Clinical Manifestations


The clinical manifestations of hypermagnesemia are related to serum [Mg2+], as shown in Table 25.2. Two organ systems are greatly affected by hypermagnesemia: the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems .




Table 25.2
Clinical manifestations of hypermagnesemia













Signs/symptoms
Serum [Mg2+] (mg/dL)

Nausea and vomiting
3.6–6.0

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Jun 20, 2017 | Posted by in NEPHROLOGY | Comments Off on Disorders of Magnesium: Hypermagnesemia

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