Dairy: Staph aureaus, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Yersina | Fried rice: Bacillus cereus |
Seafood/Shellfish: Norwalk, Vibrio sp., Campylobacter | Poultry: Campylobacter, Salmonella |
Undercooked hamburger: EHEC (E. coli 0157:H7) | Lunchmeat: Listeria |
Guillain-Barre’ syndrome: Campylobacter jejuni | Reactive arthritis: Shigella, Salmonella, Yersina, Campylobacter |
HUS/TTP: EHEC (E. coli 0157:H7), Shigella | |
Toxic Megacolon: Shigella |
Small bowel: | Pathogens: Salmonella, Vibrio Cholerae, ETEC, EPEC, Yersina, Rotavirus, Norwalk virus, Adenovirus, Giardia, Cryptosporidium |
Large bowel: | Pathogens: Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersina, EIEC, EHEC, C. difficile, E. histolytica, CMV |
Cytotonic/Preformed toxins/Enterotoxin (“food poisoning”; typical onset <24 hrs):
S. aureus, C. perfringens, B. cereus
Viral gastroenteritis is responsible for 75% of infectious diarrhea
Often presents with nausea/vomiting without high fever, severe abdominal pain, or bloody diarrhea Brief/self-limiting
Note: Alcohol hand gel does not prevent the spread of viruses (or C. difficile spores) – Must use old fashion soap and water
Rotovirus: most common worldwide, spread via fecal-oral; symptoms in 72 hrs and last 5 days; death from dehydration
Norwalk: outbreaks via contaminated food, water, person-to-person; symptoms in 48 hrs and last 3 days
Non-Invasive Bacteria
Cytotonic: toxin activation of intracellular enzymes: watery diarrhea; (No fecal WBC or Blood)
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC): travelers diarrhea; empiric antibiotics given for severe cases
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC): pediatrics/infants; antibiotics effective although resistance to TMP-SMX is emerging
Vibrio cholera: can cause profuse diarrhea (up to 1liter/hr) and vomiting, leading to hypotension, renal failure, death
Stool is described as ‘rice water’: water with mucus flecks; Need IV hydration with electrolyte repletion; Treated with tetracycline, doxycycline, TMP-SMX, or erythromycin
Cytotoxic: toxins cause structural injury: mucosal inflammation and bleeding; (+ fecal WBC (inflammatory) and blood)
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli 0157:H7 (EHEC): watery turned bloody and typically NO fever; easily killed with heat/cookingRelated posts:
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