Colonoscopy Including Indigo Carmine Dye Spray

Univariate analyses with Mann-Whitney U

Colonoscopic findings

p Value

Colonoscopic findings

p Value

Comprehensive view

Property of the tumor surroundings

Expansion appearance

0.0369

Converging folds towards the tumor

0.0111

Tumor stiffness

0.0001

Deformity of the colonic lumen

0.0004

Tumor unevenness

0.0192

Poor extension of the surrounding colonic wall

0.0028

Surface property

Coarse surface findings (surface roughness)

0.0235

../images/461529_1_En_1_Chapter/461529_1_En_1_Fig1_HTML.jpg — Fig. 1.1

Suggestive colonoscopic findings for polypoid-type T1b (≥1000 μm) carcinomas: (a) expansion appearance, (b) tumor stiffness, surface unevenness, (c, d) converging folds toward the tumor and stiffness of the colonic lumen

1.3.2 Conventional Colonoscopic Findings Suggestive of F&D-Type T1b Carcinoma

Similarly, useful conventional colonoscopic findings suggestive of F&D-type T1b carcinomas are shown in Table 1.2. An expansion appearance, tumor stiffness or unevenness in the comprehensive view, protrusion in the depression surface, uneven depression surface, strong redness in the surface property, converging folds toward the tumor, colonic wall deformity, stiffness of the colonic lumen, table-like protrusion in the property of the tumor surroundings, and negative air deformity (tumor deformity not seen as air decreasing by the aggregated submucosal cancer mass) were observed with significantly high frequency in F&D-type T1b carcinomas. Representative objective conventional colonoscopic findings are shown in Figs. 1.2 and 1.3.

Table 1.2

Conventional colonoscopic findings suggestive of F&D type T1b (≥1000 μm) carcinoma lesions

Univariate analyses with Mann-Whitney U
Colonoscopic findings	p Value	Colonoscopic findings	p Value
Comprehensive view		Property of the tumor surroundings
Expansion appearance	<0.0001	Converging folds toward the tumor	0.0087
Tumor stiffness	<0.0001	Deformity of the colonic lumen	0.0052
Tumor unevenness	0.0458	Poor extension of the surrounding colonic wall	0.0331
Surface property		Table-like protrusion	0.0037
Protrusion in the depression surface	0.0063	Technical aspects
Uneven depression surface	0.0409	No findings of air deformity	0.0003
Coarseness	<0.0001	Easy bleeding	0.0381
Strong redness	<0.0001