Fig. 4.1
The flow-chart shows the decision-making process in case of symptomatic cholelithiasis associated to the clinical or instrumental suspicion of common bile duct stones
References
1.
2.
Kim MH, Sekijima J, Lee SP (1995) Primary intrahepatic stones. Am J Gastroenterol 90:540–548PubMed
3.
Onken JE, Brazer SR, Eisen GM, Williams DM, Bouras EP, DeLong ER et al (1996) Predicting the presence of choledocholithiasis in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. Am J Gastroenterol 91:762–767PubMed
4.
5.
Barkun AN, Barkun JS, Fried GM, Ghitulescu G, Steinmetz O, Pham C et al (1994) Useful predictors of bile duct stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. McGill Gallstone Treatment Group. Ann Surg 220:32–39PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
6.
7.
8.
9.
Almadi MA, Barkun JS, Barkun AN (2012) Management of suspected stones in the common bile duct. CMAJ 184(8):884–892PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
10.
Thornton JR, Lobo AJ, Lintott DJ, Axon AT (1992) Value of ultrasound and liver function tests in determining the need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in unexplained abdominal pain. Gut 33(11):1559–1561PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
12.
Saltzstein EC, Peacock JB, Thomas MD (1982) Preoperative bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and amylase levels as predictors of common duct stones. Surg Gynecol Obstet 154(3):381–384PubMed
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Chan HH, Wang EM, Sun MS et al (2013) Linear echoendoscope-guided ERCP for the diagnosis of occult common bile duct stones. BMC Gastroenterol 13:44PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef